Leak at well casing. 17. Some of these situations are more easily avoidable than others, of course, but regular professional inspections and proper water well system maintenance can Nov 30, 2023 · A leaking well pipe is quite different from if the well itself is leaking. , 2017). 25 bpm at 1,300 psi. Feb 4, 2019 · Wellbore integrity management for oil and gas wells plays a vital role throughout the typical lifespan of a well. The heavier cement collects at the bottom to form a solid seal, pushing lighter materials like mud and fluids up toward the surface. production casing) as shown in Figure 1. Well piping leaks vs well casing leaks: Pipe coming from the well, which extends to the building, can split or break and cause a leak in the house. For example, you can use a well liner to repair a leaking section of well casing. Schlumberger offers a full range of casing isolation, repair, and replacement technologies. Oil and gas wells can develop gas leaks along the casing y ears. I dug to find the problem, but I was not able to discover the source of the leak. I took the casement top off and looked down. Certa-Lok® PVC Well Casing utilizes Westlake Pipe & Fittings field proven spline-locking design to form a full strength joint instantly in all weather conditions. A well casing is a plastic or steel pipe that provides a sealed pathway for water to flow up from the underground aquifer. Odessa, Tex. My well casing hisses too as the pump draws down water and air rushes in from above ground to equalize pressure. Step 2: Determine the severity of the leak. Sodium Jan 4, 2024 · The casing serves as a robust outer layer, shielding the well and preventing unwanted substances from entering or leaking out. It is also detrimental to well hardware and safety. An essential aspect of proper well construction is sealing the space between the well casing and the side of the drilled hole (called the well annulus). Now that the weather has gotten a little warmer here in Michigan, the dripping has proceeded into almost a steady stream of water. See more. Most wells require an average of 25 feet of casing, which can cost between $375 and $2,500 depending on the type or material of casing and the soil condition If your well casing has splits due to defective or welded seams, it will be unable to prevent groundwater and contaminants from getting in. Well piping pitless adapters eliminate the need for a well pit to protect pipes from freezing. SBR. Stabilize the crack. If you’re looking to use galvanized steel May 25, 2015 · Identify the starting and ending point of the crack. It can cause leaks to develop. Depending on the formations encountered, it may also require intermediate casing. The culprit could be corrosion or a defective casing seam, for example, or a leak may be due to improper well system installation, outside pressure on the casing or even a lightning strike. I think you are saying that the water is coming out of the ground outside of the casing. Older wells will use metal casings, the majority of well drillers now using PVC because it won’t rust over time. Every well has a design life and depending on the life, the time to leak is determined and if less than the design life - installing CP becomes economical as Jul 1, 2018 · The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data to detect CO 2 leakage along an injection well casing. SEALMAKER CRS can be designed specifically for each wellbore Oct 2, 2018 · The Culprits Knowing the signs of a well leak is just half the battle. Holes will allow water of undesirable quality to enter your well. All of our Gear can be found on our Amazon Storefront. Leak-off and Limit tests are carried out during the drilling phase of the well. It is mostly done in the upper well where atmosphere plus moisture can corrode casing forming cracks and holes. None. If you are certain it's leaking inside the casing then follow the above instructions and post results. Nov 1, 2000 · Richardson, TX 75083 -3836, U. I would like to fix this myself. Sep 9, 2020 · This video is a Guide to follow for any DIY people who are looking for a proper direction on how to repair a in ground water leak. I heard the pump running nonstop last night and walked out to the pump house in a swamp. I had a pin hole leak in the threads of the adapter that screws into the pitless adapter and connects to the water line to the house. 1), was due for abandonment. Frequency filtering means road noise can be removed from dynamic logging and statistical analysis allows leak characterisation. This paper describes the relationship between the CO 2 leakage rate and temperature response at DTS locations, and the method and numerical model used for understanding such a relationship. Proper casing design, materials selection, and cementing practices are crucial for ensuring a reliable well structure. Understanding what the common causes of well leaks are will help you prevent them from happening again in the future. The effectiveness of this method to control water production in a well with casing or tubing leaks is tested using the Hele-Shaw experimental model. In the South Sulige gas field, a casing leak was discovered after a velocity string production failure caused well SNXXX-02 to be killed because of water traveling from the formation into the wellbore through the casing leak. Dec 1, 2021 · The inability of SAPT to detect defective cement jobs and/or leaks through the casing shoe is its key flaw (Kiran et al. Solid Wall Slotted. As for stainless steel pipe casing, the replacement cost is usually between $57 to $129 per foot. Instead of a conventional casing patch approach to repair casing The epoxy resin coating applied to the casing patch extrudes into any leaks or cavities in the casing wall and acts as a gasket and additional sealing agent. We describe types of artesian wells, how water flow from the artesian well is controlled, special artesian well parts like the well spool, and we discuss special problems for artesian wells and the property around them when there is a leak in the well casing. I saw no leaks. SEALMAKER provides a full line of casing repair solutions for nearly any downhole condition to quickly and efficiently restore integrity to the casing. Regular Maintenance Practices for Well Casings. Gonzalez Convention Center, San Antonio, Texas, April 8-9, 2015. After the adhesive is cured, move the drill tool and take out the high-pressure rubber tube. CIOD. A leak in your home or corrosion of casing, liner or screen can cause the well pump to run continuously. -monobore gas-production well (see Fig. e. Apr 2, 2024 · Well integrity refers to maintaining full control of fluids within a well at all times, in order to prevent unintended fluid movement or loss of containment to the environment. If you have plastic pipes, the fittings sometimes break causing a leak. A "flowing artesian well" is one in which pressure from within the aquifer will, left alone, actually push water right up the well casing and out of its top. Shallow Depth Vertical Wells ( Less than 1000 Meters) HOW A WELL WATER LEAK CAN CAUSE VARIOUS PROBLEMS. Oct 5, 2016. We provide unconventional sealing and plugging solutions to asset owners and oil service companies worldwide. The primary goal of casing design is to ensure the integrity and stability of the well, addressing factors such as depth, pressure, and geological conditions. , fax 01-972 -952-9435. If this rubber dries out and becomes brittle, it will leak. Fixed the leak, however a few minutes later water The solutions we provide: A polymer resin system tailored to solve a variety of well integrity challenges. Well integrity policy defines commitments and obligations to safeguard health, safety, environment, assets, and reputation. These types of problems need to be diagnosed as soon as problems arise so that all repairs are done correctly and quickly. Links to Common Water Well Jun 25, 2015 · This load case uses an internal pressure profile consisting of a gas gradient extending upward from a formation pressure in a deeper hole interval, or from the fracture pressure at the casing shoe. “Sustained casing pressure is evidence of failure in one of the well barrier elements. On 2021-08-03 by Jodi . I can see the water running out from under the concrete of the pump house - like, there is a strong current of water coming up. The surface leaks in the different casing annuli had to be resolved before proper Apr 15, 2018 · A casing leak on a production or storage well is an expensive repair that can be minimized via the application of CP. Usually, the well casing is a cylinder shape, and it is typically made of a sturdy material to provide long-lasting protection. Here is what Mr. Sep 29, 2015 · The aim is to maintain the casing pressure within the well’s mechanical design limits at all times by controlling the ‘A’ annulus pressure. 4 OD. Well liners are then replaced once they start to give out. Abstract. The example well, designed as a 7-in. I was concerned if I tried to remove this segment it would simply break off. Sep 24, 2023 · Step 1: Identify the source of the leak. In the worst of cases, this means that some operators have lost access to long sections of a wellbore before it produces a single barrel of oil. Step 3: Choose the appropriate sealing method. Yugay told us. Well casing should also have a vermin-proof vented-cap and penetrate the ground at least 20 feet. To detect a leak, the EPA says you should check your water meter before and after two hours of no water use. A well in the South China Sea was diagnosed by ultrasonic and temperature logging to have a well-integrity problem, forcing the operator to shut in the well because the leak created a high tubing/casing-annulus pressure. Aug 1, 2019 · Strength degradation can significantly shorten casing life, and even cause failure of the well. in a 24 hr. Here's how a casing can be damaged, the signs of a bad well casing, and how it's repaired. This might not be the best option every time, though. Jan 1, 1999 · After four hours, the technician performed function tests that verified full capability of the valve, and the well was returned to production. A. Oct. Sep 12, 2011 · The electrical conduit that supplies power to the well pump leaks into the house during periods of heavy rain such as our last tropical storm or 3/4 days of spring rain. With 2 sensors - one low-frequency biased and one high-frequency biased - VIVID Leak is designed to find leaks in tubing and casing strings. Customers are oil and gas operators and service companies, who need to seal and secure Jun 25, 2015 · The casing-evaluation presentation includes casing ovality, eccentricity, hole deviation, and gamma ray in Track 1. In this test, the upper zone's downhole pressure is set to some Repair Damaged Tubing / Casing (CLS) When a well has damaged casing or a connection leak, the well must be shut in until it has been remediated, costing the operator in reduced production. It has a negative impact on well production and might damage the productive zone depending on the leak severity, well completion configuration and well integrity. It also defined specific testing parameters to accept such a well back into production. If it is a submersable pump, you might have a cracked pipe in the well. https://www. DR 17. Efficient Operation: A clean and intact casing ensures that the well Mar 21, 2006 · It is poissible, too, that the well seal is leaking. At the first sign of fluid leak-off into the formation the pumping is stopped. If you notice anything strange around your well head, call an expert for advice. It has been a very wet winter, and our Spring has been rainy. 2. What Causes A Well Casing To Crack Why choose an SLB casing patch as your restorative well integrity technology of choice? Saltel expandable steel patches are a permanent solution, capable of molding to irregular geometries to create a high-pressure inner lining that seals off and protects damaged casing or tubing from further loss of integrity. Most of them seal by tightening the bolts that hold it together, which "squishes" the rubber seal against the side of the well casing. If you have a steel casing, it can corrode, leading to leaks over time. That could be from a leak, or it could be water flowing on its own. [1] Casings are used to support the well, as the raw sides of the well would collapse in without support. In subsea wells, the ‘A’ annulus is the only Oct 15, 2009 · Most leaks I encounter are underground and cause water to work up around the well casing and puddle in the yard. Your well can spring a leak as a result of corrosion, lightning strikes, defective casing seams or pressure from objects on the casing. Jan 12, 2024 · Other problems within a well system can even mask themselves as issues with the well pump, causing confusion about the source of the problem. 5" steel well casing like a muffler clamp would. amazon. 3-340 mm nominal O. Rather than turning the water on in a full-blast, try testing the repair in small increments. Proper casing design is essential for preventing accidents Stick the inner wall of the damaged part of the casing, and the casing and the bellows are bonded together by the adhesive. Nov 15, 2014 · Maximum Initial Shut-In Casing Pressure (MISICP) Maximum Initial Shut-In Casing Pressure (MISICP) is the maximum casing pressure before fracturing the casing shoe when the well is shut due to well control. If a 4-inch (10-centimeter) casing is being installed, the borehole should be at least 6 inches (15 centimeters) in diameter. Downhole casing leaks in oil- and gas-producing wells significantly affect their Method 1: flowing artesian well spool to push water below the frost line. R. Regular maintenance, monitoring, and corrosion control Apr 5, 2024 · Exploring Water Well Casing Repair: Crucial Information for Maintenance and Restoration of Your Water Well System. The corroded casing had a combined leak-off rate across the two intervals of 1. Dec 20, 2021 · Well liners are usually applied as a repair job. Leaks in SCSSVs have been cured in systems operated at 16,000 psi and 310°F. Location. Also, it may be consist of slotted casing, well screen, conventional carbon steel casing or corrosion-resistant alloy (C. system was originally designed to repair single and multiple casing leaks that occur in an injection well annulus where there is direct communication, through a leak in the casing string, directly into the original open- hole well-bore and the adjacent earth strata. Vacuum insulated tubing test is based on perforating two distinct downhole intervals and isolating them with casing packers (Nordbotten et al. This allows operators to re-complete the well Jun 12, 2018 · The casing is the tube that extends above the ground and leads to the pump and water below. [2] Figure 1. 10-15-09, 07:21 PM. Step 5: Apply the chosen sealing method. Oct 5, 2016 · 1. Some common vertical well liner applications for shallow, medium and deep wells are described below. A casing leak is expected whenever an average-metal-loss value is between 30 and 70%. To seal a leaking well, pour a cement mixture or bentonite into the space between the well casing and the borehole wall. Repair the crack using the pump casing repair kit. Dec 31, 2013 · Some of the intervals were perforated through three casing strings, and the rest through four strings of casing, before being squeeze cemented. Mar 18, 2021 · The liner can range in size from 60. The adapter needs to be installed from the inside of the well casing. Preventing Future Leaks. Many oil and gas wells develop leaks in the annulus, either it is A, B, C or D annulus. This pressure physically represents a well control situation, in which gas from a kick has completely displaced the mud out of the drilling annulus May 31, 2020 · Question: well leaking between casing and cap (Apr 8, 2014) Debbie said: While walking the property I noticed that our private well was leaking water between the casing and cap as though our well was to full and was spilling out the extra water. 052 x Casing shoe TVD, ft Nov 13, 2009 · According to the well files, the top of cement can be estimated to be at approximately 2,500 ft. Applications can be designed after thorough analysis of the downhole condition, leak severity, leak depth, and wellbore construction. Such loss of integrity can lead to direct emissions to the atmosphere through one or more leaking annuli and/or subsurface migration of fluids (gas and/or The pitless adapter allows passage of well piping out through the side of a well casing at a point underground and without leaks where the pipe passes through the round well casing side. NSF 61. The CP system for the oil well was (a) An injection well has mechanical integrity if: (Internal) (1) There is no significant leak in the casing, tubing or packer; (b) One of the following methods must be used to evaluate the absence of significant leaks under paragraph (a)(1) of this section: (1) Following an initial pressure test, monitoring of the tubing- Procedures for leak-off and limit tests. Jan 9, 2024 · In addressing a suspected collapsed casing, consider the following steps in a structured approach: Professional Inspection : Have a driller or contractor enter the well to inspect for collapse signs. Oct 22, 2023 · In conclusion, implementing best practices for well casing cleaning and rehabilitation is essential for maintaining the integrity, performance, and longevity of wells. Therefore, I used waterweld epoxy on the hole. Use an inside mechanical cutter to cut the casing below the damaged area and remove that section from the well. Pull the pump and repair the leak before it gets worse. If the meter changes, there’s probably a leak. Apr 6, 2005 · Leaking Well Casing. That means the pump must be pulled from the well. This subsidy process is simple and safe to operate. It protects the well's vertical length that sinks down through the ground to access the groundwater. I have a 2" casing on a well that is drilled ~125ft deep with ~30ft of drop pipe. Background. The results show that this method can control these well integrity benefits: • Repairs collar and casing leaks, unwanted perforations, and worn casing • Provides a secondary barrier after cement squeeze jobs • Isolates leaking downhole equipment The HOMCO casing patch restores casing integrity at any depth in aging wells. Corrosion logging provides average measurement of casing integrity and can be used as a predictive measure as well. Economics: The primary reason for most owner/operators is economical. This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2015 AADE National Technical Conference and Exhibition held at the Henry B. Often, a well casing is simply a large pipe of steel or sturdy Nov 27, 2023 · Updated November 27, 2023. This conference was sponsored by the American Association of Drilling Engineers. Our products and engineered solutions are tailor-made for each specific well and can be deployed with Sep 17, 2019 · New Member. 7. The pitless adapter also permits pulling out of well piping Stopping External Casing Corrosion. Test your repair work in gradual stages. This space is important because, without it, it’s nearly impossible to get a Casing Patch. Upvote. Such a leak can leak water out and air in. Professional well Sep 16, 2012 · Sounds like the pitless adapter must be replaced. Replacing the casing itself may be possible instead. period. The system is a multiple stage chemical process. # 3. In the worst case scenario hydrocarbon reaches the surface causing an environmental Oct 2, 2019 · Bubbles can also occur when the water level in a well is low, causing air to get inside of the pump. The conduit has a plastic casing around it and it drips right from the casing. Prentice Creel Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Casing leak is one of the major reasons for wells to be worked over in oil fields. A well will either have a PVC or a steel well casing. The BOP is closed around the drillpipe, and the well is slowly pressured up, using mud. Water wells, if properly constructed, can provide a safe and reliable source of drinking water. S . after produ ction has ceased and the w ell has been plugged Jun 8, 2022 · 1. A casing can last for many years, but under the right circumstances it can be damaged and need to be repaired. Casing repair options depend on the size and condition of the casing, the depth and extent of the leak or damage, and the productivity (economics) of the well. It doesn't look like there's a whole lot of places for it to corrode through at, but still. To make it short: Wellcem provides a resin-based sealing solution for leaking wells. Feb 10, 2024 · ⚠️ There’s A Leak in Your Well Pipes or Casing. 2). Mechanical integrity testing (MIT) is a set of tests used to ensure that a well system conforms to its design specifications and that there are no significant leaks in the casing, tubing, or packer system or vertically around the outside of the casing-cement system) Comply with the state's Underground Injection Control regulations Jun 30, 2014 · A leaking well, in this context, is one in which zonal isolation along the wellbore is compromised due to a structural integrity failure of one or more of the cement and/or casing barriers. , 2005). Steel Well Casing. 13, 1997. Case Study: Sustained Casing Pressure in Dec 31, 2023 · The wireline well integrity logs used in this work were: Potential profile logs to determine the axial current profile on production under various conditions. N80 is good above 150 degrees F, P110 is good above 175 degrees F and Q125 is good above 225 degrees F. Journal of Petroleum Technology. That amount can be 10 inches in some areas, and higher in others. Check for corrosion, defective seams, and other structural issues in the well casing. D. VIVID® Leak Progressive - Perceptive - Assured VIVID® Hear more. Use a dressing mill to dress the top of the casing stub to a 45- degree bevel inside and outside. According to HomeGuide, it cost about $6 to $10 per foot to replace a well casing, which involves using PVC material. Track 2 shows a cross-sectional presentation of the pipe shape. I have a question regarding the well that servces my home. Track 3 shows a cross section of the pipe wall. These methods generally include production logging, pressure interference testing, temperature logging, and spinner testing. Casing connections represent less than 3% of the pipe length yet account for more than 90% of pipe failures. Piping may stick a few feet out of the ground, like the above pictures, or just a few inches above ground level. Our house was built in 1999. Wellcem assist oil and gas companies to maximize asset value by engineering and providing resin-based sealing and plugging solutions. ) materials. Dressing the cut casing will prevent the casing from snagging the rubber portion of the casing patch. The leak is typically in the water discharge pipe (pipe from your well to the water system). If lightning strikes the well during a bad storm, the well casing can get damaged. Furthermore, ground shifts, particularly in seismically active regions, can jeopardize the well structure, leading to water well leaking. A well casing is a lining that is installed in an oil well once it is drilled and surrounds the well entirely. The seeping water had melted the snow. Apr 18, 2017 · Went to a job because of dirty water, i found a broken well casing that was incorrectly repaired. You want to create a tightly bound seal, so that the crack can’t spread. Electromagnetic logs for evaluation of single and multiple barriers. October 31, 2013. Mind the Gap. Casing is typically hollow steel pipe that lines the inside of the wellbore. MISICP formula is listed below; MISICP, psi = (Leak Off Test pressure, ppg – current mud weight, ppg) x 0. NSF 14 NSF 61. Once the sustained pressure is confirmed, the well is not in compliance with most companies' barrier policies. The pressure switch and pump continuously cycle on and off. The casing securely supports the sides of the drilled well and, just as important, keeps contaminants and sediments from getting in. Artesian well construction & repair: This article describes the construction of artesian water wells. To create an effective seal, make sure the borehole diameter is at least two inches greater than the casing diameter. Beyond its structural role, the well casing serves several essential functions: Optimal Air Quality: By preventing contaminants from entering the well, casings ensure the water remains free from mold, mildew, and other airborne pollutants. This high productivity well urgently needed casing leak remediation to restart production. Indiana. This is largely not viewed as an inter-well challenge . Available for more than 60 different sizes and weights of tubing and Apr 12, 2014 · The top of the casing is where? It should be well above ground. Our HOMCO ® casing patch repairs collar and casing leaks, unwanted perforations, and worn casing with minimal ID restriction. Jan 1, 2022 · In this study, an alternative method, Downhole Water Sink, is proposed to solve the problem of unwanted water production from a casing or tubing leak. wel-lok™ can repair the leaking casing, restoring the integrity of the casing without reducing the casing ID. It's possible for example that pushing the piping through that tight spot of damaged well casing might cause a leak at a connector on the pump piping. The solution is customized and engineered for each unique well. Mar 30, 2022 · If there is water standing around your well it indicates you have a leak. Oct 13, 2020 · A well casing is basically the wall of the well. Jan 1, 2020 · During pressure-pumping treatments, the interplay of hydraulic fracturing and formation geomechanics is deforming and even shearing steel casing. Step 4: Prepare the well casing for sealing. Typically, a well will require at least three concentric strings of casing: conductor pipe, surface casing, and production casing (fig. #1. Duncan, Okla. Well lining is done by expanding out stainless-steel sleeves or swaging in well patches. If the pump is more than 100' feet down, you will need a derrick. I noticed during the winter that the well casing (located about 15 to 20 feet outside my house) had developed a constant dripping. Deployed in more than 12,000 wells, our rig- and wireline-conveyed tubing and casing patch systems restore well integrity in one trip. The bad repair job allowed dirt to fall straight into the Types of Well Casings: PVC Well Casing. Sep 8, 2021 · During well control operations, the maximum allowable borehole fluid pressure at the casing shoe is normally considered to be the critical factor, based on the assumption that the weakest formation is at the shoe. Over the years, the casing has been corroded and developed leaks from 896 ft to 909 ft and from 1,444 ft to 1,508 ft. com/shop/breakfreehomestead?ref=ac_inf_tb_vhThere is no extra cost, we just get a sm The Vital Functions of Well Casing. Oct 25, 2020 · Abstract. The 300PSI Seal-Maker. Step 6: Monitor and test the repaired well casing. How much it cost to fix a collapsed well depends on how badly the well is affected. Your well head should be annually inspected for cracks, damage, and leaks, to keep well water clean and pumps flowing smoothly. Pete C. Wells with broken casing can be repaired separately in three cases. The ‘A’ annulus is the annular space between the production tubing and the first string of casing (i. For most residential wells, casings are between 4 and 6 inches in diameter. This issue has several names: SCP (Sustained Casing Pressure) SAP (Sustained Annulus Pressure) CCA (Casing-Casing Annulus) Regardless of definition, we are talking about a well integrity issue with a failed barrier. Oct 31, 2013 · Packer-Leak Repair: Slurry Design and Complex Coiled-Tubing Well Work. We live in Michigan. A well bore inspection by camera would be useful. For prac­tical purposes, the corresponding pressure at the surface (Drilling MAASP or Maximum allowable annular surface pressure In summary, API casing grades H40, J55, K55, M65, L80, C90 and T95 are good for all temperatures. W hen it comes to replacing a well casing in your water well, expect to pay anywhere from $6 per foot for PVC casing to $130 per foot for stainless steel casing. Sep 18, 2021 · Various well casing inspections can be used to assist in determining the source or location of a leak. In this article, you can discover answers to common questions about well pumps, how to fix common well pump problems, and how other well components can disguise themselves as well pump issues. If you have steel pipes, rust could have caused a hole in your plumbing, likely causing a leak. 3. The drips during this time are steady and I'd calculate at least 3-4 gal. Ultrasonics logs for corrosion and cement evaluation behind the production casing. Oct 13, 1997 · Gels, monomer solutions fix pinhole casing leaks. Jun 14, 2019 · 2. Ron Crook Halliburton Energy Services Inc. Casing leaks: In Alaska, artificial-lift gas was leaking from an inner annulus through a connection leak to the outer annulus. Nov 7, 2023 · Damage to the well casing, often resulting from external forces or ground movements, can also create leaks. In a freezing climate, a well spool seal is used inside the well piping to seal the well casing in wells at which water leak near well casing; Author: Anonymous User This morning I discovered a leak near the casing of my well. Probably best to get a well driller involved. In this case, the eccentricity comprises both tool and casing eccentricity resulting from formation movement (salt flow). Aug 29, 2006 · You have a leak in a fitting or pipe. Assessing the Damage : Identify if the problem is localized Nov 13, 2017 · Abstract. After the pump shuts off it stops for a while and then starts hissing out as the water flows in down at the pump level and refills Well lining is placing sleeves or inner jackets inside a well to block surface leaking through rusting, corroded or deteriorated well casing. Leaks in your well piping, check valve, foot valve, drop pipe, or well casing, could cause air and sediment to enter your plumbing. Jun 11, 2014 · Would a leak way down at the bottom of the well, perhaps a cracked pipe by the submersible pump, cause soil liquifaction and collapse? Apr 15, 2011 · It's bolted around my 4. rh lj dz sm og lx fk zd ad ab